asp.net jwt 怎样进行令牌存储-乐工具技术知识

在ASP.NET中使用JWT（JSON Web Token）进行身份验证时，令牌的存储和管理是一个重要的环节。以下是一些常见的令牌存储方法：

1. 内存存储

这是最简单的方法，但也是最不安全的，因为令牌会存储在内存中，如果应用程序重启，令牌将丢失。

public class InMemoryTokenStore : ITokenStore
{
    private readonly Dictionary _tokens = new Dictionary();

    public void SaveToken(string username, string token)
    {
        _tokens[username] = token;
    }

    public string GetToken(string username)
    {
        return _tokens.TryGetValue(username, out var token) ? token : null;
    }

    public void RemoveToken(string username)
    {
        _tokens.Remove(username);
    }
}

2. 数据库存储

将令牌存储在数据库中可以提供更持久性和安全性，但需要额外的配置和代码来管理数据库连接和操作。

public class DatabaseTokenStore : ITokenStore
{
    private readonly ApplicationDbContext _context;

    public DatabaseTokenStore(ApplicationDbContext context)
    {
        _context = context;
    }

    public async Task SaveTokenAsync(string username, string token)
    {
        var user = await _context.Users.FirstOrDefaultAsync(u => u.Username == username);
        if (user != null)
        {
            user.JwtToken = token;
            await _context.SaveChangesAsync();
        }
    }

    public async Task GetTokenAsync(string username)
    {
        var user = await _context.Users.FirstOrDefaultAsync(u => u.Username == username);
        return user?.JwtToken;
    }

    public async Task RemoveTokenAsync(string username)
    {
        var user = await _context.Users.FirstOrDefaultAsync(u => u.Username == username);
        if (user != null)
        {
            user.JwtToken = null;
            await _context.SaveChangesAsync();
        }
    }
}

3. 分布式缓存存储

使用分布式缓存（如Redis）可以提供更高效的令牌存储和管理，特别是在微服务架构中。

public class RedisTokenStore : ITokenStore
{
    private readonly IDistributedCache _cache;

    public RedisTokenStore(IDistributedCache cache)
    {
        _cache = cache;
    }

    public async Task SaveTokenAsync(string username, string token)
    {
        var options = new DistributedCacheEntryOptions
        {
            AbsoluteExpirationRelativeToNow = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(30)
        };
        await _cache.SetStringAsync(username, token, options);
    }

    public async Task GetTokenAsync(string username)
    {
        return await _cache.GetStringAsync(username);
    }

    public async Task RemoveTokenAsync(string username)
    {
        await _cache.RemoveAsync(username);
    }
}

4. HttpOnly Cookie 存储

将JWT令牌存储在HttpOnly Cookie中可以防止客户端JavaScript访问令牌，从而提高安全性。

public class JwtCookieTokenStore : ITokenStore
{
    private readonly IHttpContextAccessor _contextAccessor;

    public JwtCookieTokenStore(IHttpContextAccessor contextAccessor)
    {
        _contextAccessor = contextAccessor;
    }

    public void SaveToken(string username, string token)
    {
        var context = _contextAccessor.HttpContext;
        var cookieOptions = new CookieOptions
        {
            HttpOnly = true,
            IsEssential = true,
            SameSite = SameSiteMode.Strict,
            Expires = DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.AddMinutes(30)
        };
        context.Response.Cookies.Append("jwt", token, cookieOptions);
    }

    public string GetToken()
    {
        var context = _contextAccessor.HttpContext;
        return context.Request.Cookies["jwt"];
    }

    public void RemoveToken()
    {
        var context = _contextAccessor.HttpContext;
        context.Response.Cookies.Delete("jwt");
    }
}