pthreads
是一个用于实现多线程的库,它提供了各种同步原语,如互斥锁(mutex)、条件变量(condition variable)和信号量(semaphore),以帮助在线程之间进行通信和同步
- 互斥锁(Mutex):互斥锁是一种同步原语,用于确保多个线程在访问共享资源时不会发生冲突。当一个线程获得锁时,其他线程必须等待直到锁被释放。
#include#include pthread_mutex_t lock; int shared_data = https://www.yisu.com/ask/0;"hljs">void* arg) { pthread_mutex_lock(&lock); shared_data++; printf("Shared data: %d\n", shared_data); pthread_mutex_unlock(&lock); return NULL; } int main() { pthread_t threads[5]; pthread_mutex_init(&lock, NULL); for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { pthread_create(&threads[i], NULL, thread_func, NULL); } for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { pthread_join(threads[i], NULL); } pthread_mutex_destroy(&lock); return 0; }
- 条件变量(Condition Variable):条件变量是一种同步原语,允许线程在特定条件满足时等待或通知其他线程。它们通常与互斥锁一起使用。
#include#include pthread_mutex_t lock; pthread_cond_t cond; int shared_data = https://www.yisu.com/ask/0;"hljs">void* arg) { pthread_mutex_lock(&lock); shared_data++; printf("Produced data: %d\n", shared_data); pthread_cond_signal(&cond); pthread_mutex_unlock(&lock); return NULL; } void* consumer(void* arg) { pthread_mutex_lock(&lock); while (shared_data =https://www.yisu.com/ask/= 0) {"Consumed data: %d\n", shared_data); pthread_mutex_unlock(&lock); return NULL; } int main() { pthread_t producer_thread, consumer_thread; pthread_mutex_init(&lock, NULL); pthread_cond_init(&cond, NULL); pthread_create(&producer_thread, NULL, producer, NULL); pthread_create(&consumer_thread, NULL, consumer, NULL); pthread_join(producer_thread, NULL); pthread_join(consumer_thread, NULL); pthread_mutex_destroy(&lock); pthread_cond_destroy(&cond); return 0; }
- 信号量(Semaphore):信号量是一种计数器,用于限制对共享资源的访问。它可以用于实现多种同步策略,如限制并发线程数、实现资源池等。
#include#include #include sem_t semaphore; int shared_data = https://www.yisu.com/ask/0;"hljs">void* arg) { sem_wait(&semaphore); shared_data++; printf("Produced data: %d\n", shared_data); sem_post(&semaphore); return NULL; } void* consumer(void* arg) { sem_wait(&semaphore); shared_data--; printf("Consumed data: %d\n", shared_data); sem_post(&semaphore); return NULL; } int main() { pthread_t threads[5]; sem_init(&semaphore, 0, 1); // Initialize semaphore with value 1 for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { pthread_create(&threads[i], NULL, producer, NULL); pthread_create(&threads[i + 5], NULL, consumer, NULL); } for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { pthread_join(threads[i], NULL); } sem_destroy(&semaphore); return 0; }
这些示例展示了如何使用 pthreads
库中的互斥锁、条件变量和信号量来实现线程通信。在实际应用中,你可能需要根据具体需求选择合适的同步原语和策略。